Macrophages in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Macrophages and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

IBD is an inflammatory disorder of the colon and small intestine. The pathogenesis of IBD is correlated with alterations in the immunological mechanisms involved in the resolution of inflammation resulting in excessive and persistent inflammation. More recently, specific mechanisms involved in the resolution of inflammation have been identified with macrophages playing a key part in preventing an excessive immune response. Intestinal macrophages are considered to be the main players in establishing and maintaining gut homeostasis. Deregulation of intestinal macrophages, therefore, results in a loss of tolerance towards commensal bacteria and food antigens, which is believed to underlie the chronic inflammation observed in IBD.

Macrophages Polarization in IBD

Macrophages acquire specialized functional phenotypes according to the microenvironment in which they reside. The simple definition of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization has become obsolete. There is a large spectrum of macrophage activation. At least three types of macrophages are very well characterized. Macrophages described as classically activated macrophages (CAMφs) can be activated in vitro through two signals, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other Toll-like receptors (TLR) ligand. These classically activated cells are associated with host defense, high microbicidal activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Alternatively, regulatory macrophages (Reg-Mφ) have a potent anti-inflammatory and healing function, producing high levels of grown factors, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and decreased amounts of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. These calls can be activated in response to two signals: TLR ligands like LPS, and high-density immune complexes such as adenosine, prostaglandin, among others. A third population of macrophages, called alternatively activated macrophages (AA-Mφ), can be activated in response to stimulation via IL-4 or IL-13. These cells can promote debris scavenging, tissue repair, and wound healing, besides promoting fibrosis.

Therapies of Targeting Macrophages in IBD

Current and future macrophage-directed IBD therapeutics. Fig.1 Current and future macrophage-directed IBD therapeutics. (Yi, 2019)

Based on a powerful Macrophage Therapeutics Development Platform, Creative Biolabs offers extremely useful and valuable biotechnological services for macrophage development projects designed specifically. Our experienced scientists will deeply understand customers' demands and embrace their mission as our own.

Our Featured Services Including but Not Limited to:

If you are interested in our services or need more information, please feel free to contact us.

References

  1. Lopes, T.; et al. Macrophage polarization in intestinal inflammation and gut homeostasis. Inflammation Research. 2020, 69(12):1163-1172.
  2. Yi, R.N.; et al. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2019, 16(9): 531-543.
Online Inquiry
  •  

CONTACT US
(USA)
(UK)
(Germany)
ADDRESS

> Global

Copyright © 2024 Creative Biolabs. All Rights Reserved.