TAMs are generally polarized into either of two extremes, classical activated M1 subtype and alternatively activated M2 subtype. TAMs usually express an M2-like phenotype and participate in tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasion, tumor metastasis, and immunosuppression. Reprogramming TAMs toward M1-like macrophages would thus be an efficient way to promote tumor regression. Integrating a state-of-the-art macrophage therapeutics development platform as well as industry-leading expertise in TAM reprogramming, Creative Biolabs is committed to providing overall solutions, focusing on innovative research. Our scientists are fully competent and dedicated to helping our clients' research and project development.

Background of TAM Reprogramming

Plasticity and diversity allow their classification along an M1-M2 polarization axis. TAMs can be educated by the tumor microenvironment they experience, providing multiple phenotypes with a broad range of functions. The polarization of macrophages can be driven by different microenvironmental molecules and leads to the production by macrophages of different cytokines and chemokines.

• M2-like TAMs: Generally associated with pro-tumoral features
• M1-like TAMs: Exert antitumor functions

TAMs usually exhibit an M2 phenotype and thus promote tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Therefore, there is a key interest to create strategies for reprogramming TAMs from M2-like to an M1-like phenotype and thereby induce immune effects that can bring about tumor regression.

Fig.1 Macrophage polarization.^1,2

Several strategies are being explored to reprogram TAMs:

• Enhanced M1 activation: Using TLR agonists and other compounds to promote M1 phenotype
• Metabolic modulation: Targeting metabolic pathways to influence TAM phenotype
• Phagocytosis restoration: Blocking "don't eat me" signals like CD47-SIRP interaction
• Genetic manipulation: Using siRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA to induce M1-like phenotypes
• Nanoparticle-based approaches: Employing nanomaterials to trigger pro-inflammatory responses

TAM Reprogramming Service at Creative Biolabs

Creative Biolabs offers TAM reprogramming services, leveraging our expertise and cutting-edge technologies to support research and project development in this field. These services typically include:

Reprogramming TAMs with Nanomedicine

Nanoparticles are fine-tuned nanoscale materials for drug delivery and diagnosis. Various functionalized nanomedicines have been designed to repolarize TAM from pro-tumorigenic M2-like to tumoricidal M1-like macrophages. Creative Biolabs has developed several efficient strategies to reprogram TAMs to M1 phenotype with nanomedicines.

Reprogramming TAMs by Targeting Signaling Pathway

There are several mechanisms involved in macrophage polarization, which provides an intriguing opportunity to reprogramming tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs toward tumoricidal M1 phenotype. Creative Biolabs has perfected our technical pipelines in reprogramming TAMs to M1 phenotypes by targeting signaling pathways.

Reprogramming TAMs with Anticancer Therapies

Targeting the reprogramming of TAMs toward M1-like macrophages can be achieved through therapies including chemical compounds or immunotherapy, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists and monoclonal antibody (mAbs). Targeting macrophage reprogramming could also synergize their effects on tumor regression.

Reprogramming TAMs by Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)

M2 macrophages may be repolarized to M1 macrophages by altering specific cytokines in a tumor. This can be implemented by mAbs, such as anti-CSF1R, anti-CCL2, anti-CD47 or anit-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) signaling mAbs. Creative Biolabs is committed to providing overall solutions for TAM reprogramming by mAbs, focusing on innovative research.

Creative Biolabs offers turn-key or ala carte services customized to our client's needs. Please contact us for more information and a detailed quote.

• Customized experimental design
• Selection of appropriate reprogramming strategies
• In vitro and in vivo model systems
• Analysis of TAM phenotype and function
• Evaluation of anti-tumor effects

Related Products

With the deepening of TAM research, we found that many researchers need more refined tools to manipulate and analyze macrophages. For this reason, we have developed a series of scientific products dedicated to macrophage research.

Below are some of our popular products. You can click to view the details.

Service Features

Advanced Reprogramming Technology

Constantly updating our knowledge of industry trends and emerging technologies in order to provide our customers with cutting-edge solutions that help them stay competitive.

Personalized Solutions

Our services can be tailored to different tumor types and microenvironments for TAM reprogramming strategies.

Comprehensive Analytical Services

We provide advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing to reveal the functional changes of reprogrammed TAM and its impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Multi-target Regulation

In addition to STAT6, we can also target other key molecules such as S100A4, Kir2.1, etc. for TAM metabolic reprogramming, providing customers with diversified options.

Workflow of TAM Reprogramming Services

Scientific Resources

Learn More Macrophage Biology

Download M1 vs. M2 Macrophages

Learn More Different Approaches to Regulating Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Learn More Isolation and Identification of Macrophages

Q & A

Q: How exactly does the TAM reprogramming service work? Can you briefly describe the process?

A: Our TAM reprogramming service transforms the phenotype of target cells into the desired type through specific experimental techniques. First, we will introduce reprogramming factors using viral vectors and then culture these cells under specific conditions. Next, we will monitor key indicators during the reprogramming process and perform the necessary optimizations to ensure that the cells are successfully reprogrammed.

Q: What kind of samples do I need to provide for the reprogramming process? Is there a sample size requirement?

A: We recommend that our customers provide a certain amount of cell samples, usually 1x10⁶ cells, to ensure that we have enough cells for the experiment.

Q: What types of research is this service applicable to? Is there a specific area of application?

A: TAM reprogramming service is widely used in regenerative medicine, drug screening and disease model development. It is particularly suitable for laboratories that need to study cell fate transition and cell function.

Q: Can I follow the progress of my experiment during the reprogramming process? How can I access the experimental data?

A: Yes, we provide our customers with regular reports on the progress of their experiments, including key data and analysis results during the reprogramming process. The data can be accessed in real-time through our platform, and clients can communicate with our science team at any time.