Include (1) non-luciferase monocytes or blank wells for background, (2) a fixed cell-number standard curve on each plate/day, and (3) condition-matched controls if your stimuli may affect metabolic state (which can indirectly affect luminescent output). This keeps luminescence tied to biology rather than plate-to-plate artifacts.
Luciferase is typically used as a reporter and does not inherently define polarization-but activation conditions can affect cellular metabolism and thus luminescence. The safest approach is to treat luminescence as one measurement layer and pair it with orthogonal macrophage markers (surface markers, cytokines) for mechanistic clarity.
The top culprits are poor cold-chain handling and freeze-thaw stress. The page specifies storage transfer to liquid nitrogen and warns against repeated freezing and thawing-those steps help protect overall cell health and signal performance.
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