A qPCR-based kit measures CCL22 mRNA expression rather than secreted protein concentration. That means results reflect transcriptional changes, which can precede, exceed, or sometimes fail to translate into protein changes depending on post-transcriptional regulation and secretion dynamics. For interpretation, normalize to appropriate housekeeping genes validated for your cell type and treatment, and report fold-changes relative to a control condition. If your study aims to connect gene expression with functional chemokine levels, pairing qPCR with a protein assay (e.g., ELISA) provides a more complete picture.
Direct comparison across cell types can be misleading unless normalization and assay efficiency are carefully controlled. Different tissues may have different baseline expression and different stability of housekeeping genes. We recommend validating at least two reference genes for each sample type and checking PCR efficiency. Report results as relative expression (ΔΔCt) within a defined experimental context rather than claiming absolute equivalence between unrelated tissues. If cross-tissue comparison is essential, consider standard curves, RNA quality metrics, and consistent input amounts, and interpret differences conservatively.
The biggest variability typically comes from RNA quality, genomic DNA contamination, inconsistent reverse transcription, and pipetting differences. Use high-integrity RNA, include DNase treatment when appropriate, and run no-RT and no-template controls to detect contamination. Keep reaction setup consistent by using master mixes and calibrated pipettes, and run technical replicates. For macrophage-related samples, inhibitors can appear in lysates, so thorough purification and optional dilution can improve performance. A short pilot run to confirm amplification specificity and melt-curve behavior can prevent wasted sample later.
For Research Use Only. Do Not Use in Food Manufacturing or Medical Procedures (Diagnostics or Therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.