Human M0 Macrophages, peripheral blood-derived (MTS-1223-HM8)

Our M0 macrophages are deliberately generated under neutral differentiation conditions to avoid bias toward either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) states. We carefully control the cytokine environment during differentiation and confirm the absence of strong M1 or M2 marker upregulation by flow cytometry and gene-expression analyses.

These M0 macrophages are highly responsive to a wide variety of polarization stimuli. When exposed to M1-driving factors such as GM-CSF, IFN-γ, or LPS, they rapidly upregulate pro-inflammatory markers and secrete cytokines typical of M1 macrophages. Conversely, M2-inducing conditions using M-CSF, IL-4, or IL-13 promote a more anti-inflammatory, tissue-remodeling phenotype.

In the absence of strong polarizing signals, the cells maintain a resting M0-like phenotype for several days under the recommended culture conditions. Over longer culture periods, subtle shifts may occur due to low-level autocrine or paracrine signals, or because of components in the serum. Therefore, for experiments that rely on a strictly defined M0 baseline, we suggest using freshly thawed cells or limiting the pre-experiment culture time.