The M1 phenotype remains stable for several days under recommended culture conditions. With appropriate medium, careful handling, and controlled stimulation, the cells continue to display elevated inflammatory markers and functional responses over typical experimental windows of 2-5 days. For extended time courses, we advise regular monitoring and, if needed, re-stimulation to maintain the desired activation level.
They respond robustly to multiple TLR ligands, including LPS (TLR4), poly(I:C) (TLR3), and other commonly used agonists. These stimuli induce strong cytokine and chemokine production, as well as upregulation of activation markers.
Rapid thawing in a 37°C water bath, immediate dilution into pre-warmed culture medium, and gentle centrifugation are key to maintaining high viability. We recommend seeding at the suggested density and allowing sufficient recovery time (typically overnight) before applying experimental treatments. Avoid excessive mechanical stress and extreme temperature changes, as these can impact both viability and phenotype stability.
For Research Use Only. Do Not Use in Food Manufacturing or Medical Procedures (Diagnostics or Therapeutics). Do Not Use in Humans.